[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":380},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-en-k3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison":3,"blog-related-en-k3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison":321,"blog-en-k3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison-alt":308},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"date":302,"description":303,"extension":304,"image":305,"locale":306,"meta":307,"navigation":308,"path":309,"seo":310,"stem":311,"tags":312,"__hash__":320},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison.md","Is K3s Really Lighter? We Benchmarked It Against Standard Kubernetes (kubeadm), and the Results Were Split","Kubo Team",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":291},"minimark",[10,15,23,26,34,49,53,59,68,71,78,82,88,97,106,120,128,132,138,147,154,161,165,171,180,193,205,209,215,218,240,255,261,265,272],[11,12,14],"h2",{"id":13},"_1-lets-question-the-assumption-that-k3s-is-lightweight","1. Let's question the assumption that \"K3s is lightweight\"",[16,17,18],"p",{},[19,20],"img",{"alt":21,"src":22},"section01","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection01.webp",[16,24,25],{},"The number one reason people pick K3s is almost always \"because it's lightweight.\" The official site markets it as \"lightweight Kubernetes,\" and most edge, IoT, and dev-environment adoption stories cite that lightness as the deciding factor.",[16,27,28,29,33],{},"But when you line up multiple real-world measurements comparing K3s to a standard Kubernetes setup built with kubeadm, the picture isn't so simple. Under certain measurement conditions, K3s has actually been reported to be ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"heavier"," than standard Kubernetes.",[16,35,36,37,40,41,48],{},"In this article, we cross-reference K3s's own official resource profiling data with independent third-party benchmark results to break down the \"K3s vs Kubernetes (kubeadm)\" memory and CPU comparison ",[30,38,39],{},"by condition",". The goal is to give infrastructure engineers and SREs involved in K3s\u002FKubernetes selection enough grounding to judge their own environment for themselves (if you'd rather not carry that selection and tuning burden yourself, a managed K3s option like ",[42,43,47],"a",{"href":44,"rel":45},"https:\u002F\u002Fkubo.hexabase.io\u002F",[46],"nofollow","Kubo"," is also worth considering).",[11,50,52],{"id":51},"_2-reading-k3ss-official-resource-profiling-data","2. Reading K3s's official resource profiling data",[16,54,55],{},[19,56],{"alt":57,"src":58},"section02","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection02.webp",[16,60,61,62,67],{},"As a primary source, let's start with ",[42,63,66],{"href":64,"rel":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.k3s.io\u002Freference\u002Fresource-profiling",[46],"K3s's official Resource Profiling documentation",". This document measures the 95th percentile of steady-state usage via Prometheus, giving reproducible numbers rather than vague \"roughly X MB\" claims — which makes it fairly trustworthy.",[16,69,70],{},"The test environments are AWS c6id.xlarge (8GB RAM) and a Raspberry Pi 4B. For a single server node running a workload, the Kine\u002FSQLite configuration uses about 1.6GB on the Intel environment and about 1.59GB on the Pi4B, while the embedded etcd configuration lands at nearly the same level (about 1.61GB on both). A standalone agent node, meanwhile, stays around 275MB regardless of configuration.",[16,72,73,74,77],{},"In other words, the official data shows that ",[30,75,76],{},"the datastore choice (etcd vs SQLite) doesn't dramatically change memory usage itself — the bigger difference shows up in disk I\u002FO demands (IOPS and latency)",". We'll dig into that in the next section.",[11,79,81],{"id":80},"_3-what-the-datastore-choice-embedded-etcd-vs-sqlite-actually-affects","3. What the datastore choice (embedded etcd vs SQLite) actually affects",[16,83,84],{},[19,85],{"alt":86,"src":87},"section03","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection03.webp",[16,89,90,91,96],{},"K3s uses SQLite instead of etcd by default, a design choice that contributes significantly to its small binary size and simplicity (",[42,92,95],{"href":93,"rel":94},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.suse.com\u002Fc\u002Francher_blog\u002Fintroduction-to-k3s-2\u002F",[46],"SUSE\u002FRancher's official blog"," notes that K3s ships as a single 54MB binary bundling containerd, Flannel, CoreDNS, and Traefik).",[16,98,99,100,105],{},"According to ",[42,101,104],{"href":102,"rel":103},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bigiron.cc\u002Fguides\u002Fk3s-single-node-with-embedded-etcd-vs-sqlite",[46],"a Big Iron guide"," that examined per-datastore overhead on a single node, SQLite (via kine) adds roughly 50-80MB of overhead — practically negligible — while embedded etcd sits at 300-500MB idle and can reach 1-2GB on a busy cluster as secret counts, CRD counts, and watch connections grow.",[16,107,108,109,114,115,119],{},"That difference matters on an 8GB RAM box. ",[42,110,113],{"href":111,"rel":112},"https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.k3s.io\u002Fdatastore\u002Fha-embedded",[46],"K3s's own HA documentation"," explains that an existing SQLite cluster can be converted to etcd by restarting the K3s server with the ",[116,117,118],"code",{},"--cluster-init"," flag, meaning the two are designed to be switchable depending on your needs. If you're planning for multi-node HA, etcd makes sense; if you're squeezing resources for a single node or edge deployment, SQLite is the practical choice.",[16,121,122,123,127],{},"Rather than carrying that \"which one do I pick\" decision and initial setup yourself, you could also hand it to ",[42,124,126],{"href":44,"rel":125},[46],"Kubo Cloud","'s AI-Driven Deployment. With a pre-tuned K3s-based environment as the baseline, your team can focus on application design instead.",[11,129,131],{"id":130},"_4-independent-benchmarks-sometimes-show-k3s-as-the-heavier-option","4. Independent benchmarks sometimes show K3s as the heavier option",[16,133,134],{},[19,135],{"alt":136,"src":137},"section04","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection04.webp",[16,139,140,141,146],{},"Here's where it gets interesting. ",[42,142,145],{"href":143,"rel":144},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.siderolabs.com\u002Fblog\u002Fwhich-kubernetes-is-the-smallest",[46],"An independent benchmark published by Sidero Labs"," left each distribution idle for one hour on a 2 vCPU \u002F 4096MB VM and measured memory usage with Prometheus node exporter and Grafana.",[16,148,149,150,153],{},"The result was counterintuitive. Relative to a kubeadm baseline, Talos Linux used 7% less memory — but ",[30,151,152],{},"K3s actually used 15% more",". RKE2 came in at 150% more, and Canonical Kubernetes topped the list at 201% more. The same article points to the adoption of an embedded etcd server as a likely factor pushing K3s's memory usage up.",[16,155,156,157,160],{},"The apparent conflict between K3s's own profiling data (Section 2) and this independent benchmark comes down to what's actually being measured. The official data captures \"the 95th percentile of steady state under workload,\" while Sidero Labs measured \"one hour of idle state\" — and doesn't specify the datastore configuration (SQLite or etcd) used. ",[30,158,159],{},"The practical takeaway is that \"K3s vs Kubernetes\" lightness comparisons can flip entirely depending on measurement conditions",", unless you control for them.",[11,162,164],{"id":163},"_5-what-the-4x-ram-gap-claim-actually-means","5. What the \"4x RAM gap\" claim actually means",[16,166,167],{},[19,168],{"alt":169,"src":170},"section05","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection05.webp",[16,172,173,174,179],{},"You'll also often see the claim that \"K3s needs a quarter of the memory kubeadm does.\" That one deserves a closer look too. ",[42,175,178],{"href":176,"rel":177},"https:\u002F\u002Fkubernetes.io\u002Fdocs\u002Fsetup\u002Fproduction-environment\u002Ftools\u002Fkubeadm\u002Finstall-kubeadm\u002F",[46],"Kubernetes's official kubeadm installation guide"," states a minimum requirement of \"2GB or more of RAM\" and \"2 or more CPUs for control plane machines\" across all machines, control plane or worker.",[16,181,182,183,188,189,192],{},"Meanwhile, ",[42,184,187],{"href":185,"rel":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fbex.co\u002Fblog\u002F2026\u002F09\u002F28\u002Fk3s-vs-kubernetes-vs-microk8s-ram-gap-fleet",[46],"an article comparing the published minimums of k3s, kubeadm, and MicroK8s"," points out that the much-cited \"4x RAM gap\" applies ",[30,190,191],{},"only to worker\u002Fagent nodes",". A K3s agent node runs on 512MB, while a standard kubeadm worker requires 2GB. But compare the control planes themselves, and the published minimum is the same 2GB for both. The same article adds that in practice, real-world kubeadm control planes tend to use 4-8GB rather than the published 2GB floor.",[16,194,195,200,201,204],{},[42,196,199],{"href":197,"rel":198},"https:\u002F\u002Fajmani.dev\u002Fk3s-vs-k8s-performance-comparison\u002F",[46],"A real-world performance comparison between k3s and kubeadm"," found idle memory of roughly 512-700MB for K3s versus 1.5-2GB for kubeadm on a 4 vCPU \u002F 8GB RAM environment, with cluster startup time under 60 seconds for K3s versus 5-8 minutes for kubeadm — a clear and consistent gap. How \"light\" something feels depends heavily on ",[30,202,203],{},"which metric you're looking at",": startup time, worker node minimums, or something else entirely.",[11,206,208],{"id":207},"_6-so-which-should-you-choose-a-decision-framework","6. So which should you choose? A decision framework",[16,210,211],{},[19,212],{"alt":213,"src":214},"section06","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Fsection06.webp",[16,216,217],{},"Putting all this measured data together, here's a practical way to frame the decision:",[219,220,221,228,234],"ul",{},[222,223,224,227],"li",{},[30,225,226],{},"If you're prioritizing startup speed and footprint for a single node or edge deployment",": go with K3s + SQLite. Agent nodes run around 512MB and boot in under 60 seconds",[222,229,230,233],{},[30,231,232],{},"If you're planning to scale toward multi-node HA and have memory headroom",": go with K3s + embedded etcd, or a standard etcd cluster",[222,235,236,239],{},[30,237,238],{},"If you want to keep your existing kubeadm-based operational know-how and toolchain",": don't force a migration to K3s — budget for the 4-8GB that real-world kubeadm deployments actually use, and stick with it",[16,241,242,243,248,249,254],{},"In practice, this kind of datastore selection and resource-sizing tuning quietly eats up a lot of operational effort. If you're working through similar tradeoffs, our ",[42,244,247],{"href":245,"rel":246},"https:\u002F\u002Fkubo.hexabase.io\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-vs-kubernetes-cicd-build-runner-latency-cost",[46],"earlier article on choosing K3s for CI\u002FCD build runner infrastructure"," and our ",[42,250,253],{"href":251,"rel":252},"https:\u002F\u002Fkubo.hexabase.io\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Faks-cost-optimization-fixed-cost-structure-k3s-comparison",[46],"piece comparing cloud cost structures"," cover the same \"K3s vs standard Kubernetes\" decision axis from different angles.",[16,256,257,260],{},[42,258,47],{"href":44,"rel":259},[46],", a managed Kubernetes service, ships this K3s-based setup already optimized out of the box. You skip the datastore selection and resource-tuning work entirely, while running a full-spec Kubernetes cluster at close to half the cost of EKS or AKS (for a 4 vCPU \u002F 8GB \u002F 40GB × 3-node setup, Kubo runs about ¥48,000\u002Fmonth versus roughly ¥82,700\u002Fmonth for AWS EKS).",[11,262,264],{"id":263},"summary","Summary",[16,266,267,268,271],{},"The claim that \"K3s is lightweight\" holds up in many cases. But once you line up the actual measurements, it becomes clear that the \"lightness\" depends heavily on ",[30,269,270],{},"measurement conditions, datastore choice, and which node type you're looking at",". Given that independent benchmarks have reported cases where K3s is heavier than kubeadm, it's worth running your own measurement against your actual workload rather than choosing based on reputation alone.",[16,273,274,275,280,281,284,285,290],{},"If you'd rather skip that evaluation and setup work altogether, ",[42,276,279],{"href":277,"rel":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hexabase.com\u002Fproduct\u002Fkubo\u002Fon-premise",[46],"Kubo On-Premise"," and ",[42,282,47],{"href":44,"rel":283},[46]," offer managed alternatives with the configuration already optimized, so you can start running production-grade Kubernetes right away. If you're curious, you can also reach out via ",[42,286,289],{"href":287,"rel":288},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hexabase.com\u002Fcontact-us\u002F",[46],"our contact page",".",{"title":292,"searchDepth":293,"depth":293,"links":294},"",2,[295,296,297,298,299,300,301],{"id":13,"depth":293,"text":14},{"id":51,"depth":293,"text":52},{"id":80,"depth":293,"text":81},{"id":130,"depth":293,"text":131},{"id":163,"depth":293,"text":164},{"id":207,"depth":293,"text":208},{"id":263,"depth":293,"text":264},"2026-10-04","Is K3s really as lightweight as everyone says? We compare K3s and kubeadm-based standard Kubernetes control plane memory and CPU usage using official data and multiple independent benchmarks, and explain why the datastore choice (etcd vs SQLite) can flip the result.","md","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.kubo.hexabase.io\u002Fimages\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison\u002Ftitle.webp","en",{},true,"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison",{"title":5,"description":303},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-memory-benchmark-datastore-comparison",[313,314,315,316,317,318,319],"k3s","kubernetes","kubeadm","resource-profiling","memory-benchmark","control-plane","datastore-comparison","lJXAqWBRBTBrxEO06kkJKOjT1Q-hlUNlnAt2auRs3cQ",[322,330,340,352,362,372],{"path":323,"title":324,"description":325,"date":326,"tags":327},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-kubeadm-ha-etcd-failover-rto-gap","Your RTO Said 30 Seconds. It Took 3 Minutes. Why K3s and kubeadm HA Specs Don't Match Reality","How long does failover really take with K3s embedded etcd versus kubeadm stacked\u002Fexternal etcd? We examine the gap between official RTO targets and real-world recovery times, and how failure domains and node counts differ.","2026-10-09",[313,314,328,329,315],"etcd","high-availability",{"path":331,"title":332,"description":333,"date":334,"tags":335},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-hpa-containerresource-sidecar-utilization-dilution","HPA Was Scaling on the Sidecar's Share Too. The ContainerResource Blind Spot in Kubernetes","Kubernetes HPA sums resource usage across every container in a Pod, so Istio sidecars and logging agents dilute the scaling decision. Here's how the ContainerResource metric fixes it, in a K3s\u002FKubo context.","2026-10-21",[313,314,336,337,338,339],"hpa","containerresource","autoscaling","service-mesh",{"path":341,"title":342,"description":343,"date":344,"tags":345},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-vs-kubernetes-cni-flannel-default-comparison","K3s vs Standard Kubernetes: How Different Their CNI Starting Points Really Are","K3s ships with Flannel built in, while standard Kubernetes starts with no CNI selected at all. This comparison, grounded in the official K3s, Kubernetes, Calico, and Cilium docs, explains how that difference affects NetworkPolicy enforcement and network performance.","2026-10-20",[313,314,346,347,348,349,350,351],"cni","flannel","calico","cilium","networkpolicy","networking",{"path":353,"title":354,"description":355,"date":356,"tags":357},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-topology-spread-constraints-poddisruptionbudget-node-drain-pending","We Drained a Node and a Pod Never Came Back. Why Topology Spread Constraints and PodDisruptionBudget Collide on K3s","Draining a node in production K3s left a Pod stuck Pending. The cause: Topology Spread Constraints' maxSkew colliding with PodDisruptionBudget. We verify how draining itself creates a node shortage, based on official documentation.","2026-10-19",[313,314,358,359,360,361],"topology-spread-constraints","poddisruptionbudget","scheduling","node-drain",{"path":363,"title":364,"description":365,"date":366,"tags":367},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fkyverno-validatingadmissionpolicy-cel-migration-silent-bypass","Is the CEL Rewrite of Your Policy Really the Same? How Migrating from Kyverno to ValidatingAdmissionPolicy Let Some Resources Silently Slip Through","As Kyverno's ClusterPolicy heads toward deprecation, teams migrating to ValidatingAdmissionPolicy (CEL) have found that validation silently skipped for certain resource types. Here's the CEL runtime error and failurePolicy trap behind it, and a safe migration path.","2026-10-18",[313,314,368,369,370,371],"validatingadmissionpolicy","kyverno","cel","admission-control",{"path":373,"title":374,"description":375,"date":376,"tags":377},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fk3s-vpa-inplaceorrecreate-pod-resize-cgroup","VPA InPlaceOrRecreate Didn't Stop the Restart. Testing InPlacePodVerticalScaling on K3s","Does VPA's InPlaceOrRecreate mode and In-Place Pod Resize really avoid Pod restarts? We test QoS class constraints and the cgroup v1 trap on K3s with real configs and kubectl commands.","2026-10-17",[313,314,378,338,379],"vpa","cgroup",1792592637064]